The wrestlers of Cornwall and their wrestling-matches are still famous, and in the May of 1868 4,000 assembled one day on Marazion Green, and 3,000 the next, to see one. The wrestlers of this county have a peculiar grip, called by them “the Cornish-hug.”…. “The next day the fair begins, a trivial matter, except […]
In By Right of Conquest; or, With Cortes in Mexico Mr. Henty tells the story of the Spanish triumph over the Aztecs attained by Cortez and his small but daring band of followers. The hero of the tale is an Englishman named Roger Hawkshaw, who goes West in a trading vessel from Devon, and is […]
Whilst the games went on, or between the intervals, songs were sung. “I’ll sing’y one,” said Olver, “was a favourite, and were sung to encourage the youngsters.” 1. “I sing of champions bold, That wrestled–not for gold; And all the cry Was ‘Will Trefry,’ That he would win the day. So Will Trefry, huzzah! The […]
WRESTLING. (Page 166) IT is very difficult to give directions for wrestling in intelligible language. If you had hold of me, I could say, “Now put your foot so, and turn your hip so—that’s it;” and how a sudden heave like this,” and so forth. But so in attempting the task on pencil, or by […]
FENCING BY WALTER H. POLLOCK, F. C. GROVE, AND CAMILLE PREVOST, MAITRE D’ARMES WITH A COMPLETE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE ART BY EGERTON CASTLE, M.A., F.S.A. BOXING BY E. B. MICHELL WRESTLING BY WALTER ARMSTRONG WITH ILLUSTRATIONS FROM INSTANTANEOUS PHOTOGRAPHS Second Edition LONDON LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. 1890 All rights reserved (Page 184) ….was unable to […]
(p. 235) I had my sword, which I have before mentioned that I bought off old Dick, hanging by my side. I uncocked the single-barrelled gun, and thought I would keep it and throw away my sword, but, on second thoughts, I threw away the gun and kept the sword, for I knew what I […]
(pp167)…Joe beckoned me in, and I went round to the back of the table and looked on. As the men came up from the group round the door, when their names were called out, the umpires said a few words to each of them and then gave them their prizes, and most of them made […]
Armstrong’s work reprints the work on Cornish and Devonshire Wrestling from Donald Walker’s Defensive Exercises (1840). We have provided the example here for comparison: CHAPTER II CORNISH AND DEVONSHIRE STYLES. UNLIKE the friendly rivalry which animates the genial race of giants who hail from Cumberland and Westmorland, a deadly feud has from time immemorial existed […]
(pp175) The difference between Devon and Cornish wrestling consists in this, that in a Devon wrestle kicking is admissible ; but then, as a protection to their shins, the antagonists have their legs wreathed with haybands (vulgo skillibegs). As the legs were on this occasion unprotected, Devon wrestling was inadmissible. Both fashions were in vogue […]
Excerpt referring to Wrestling, in discussion about ‘Author’s counties’, in ‘Atalanta’: Volume 8 (1895) …. Another of Mr Blackmore’s novels is set partly in Devon it is that of ‘Clara Vaughan’ one of his earliest if not his earliest work. It is not equal to his later novels and yet contains in it scenes of […]
20th August 1895: That was a capital little wrestling match which came off in the marsh at Topsham a few days since. The police were in the dark until it was all over. The match was locally known as Devon versus Cornwall, and resulted in a victory for Devon. One of Topsham’s celebrities happened to […]
Woolley, Walter J. (1897). ‘Wrestling’ in Pearson’s Magazine: Volume 3. pp. 635-639. Available online via Google Books.
Collar and Elbow Wrestling – This style originated in the English counties of Devon and Cornwall, and in England it is called by the names of those counties. As between the styles practiced in these counties, however, there are differences in detail. The essential feature of the costume is a canvas jacket loosely laced with […]
Crowds come from all sections of the state. Governor Budd and staff watch a drilling contest. Cornish wrestlers give entertainment to large assemblages. MINERS’ days at the fair opened yesterday under the most auspicious circumstances. In addition to the large excursions that came from Tuolumne, Nevada and Calaveras Counties, there was one from Butte, and […]
WRESTLING THE CORNISH AND DEVONSHIRE STYLES Wrestling is a very ancient game. Jacob wrestled with an angel, recorded in Scripture of great antiquity. The Greeks wrestled at the Isthmian and Olympic games, and later the Amphitheatre of Rome was a wrestling ring. It was a game in those days for the amusement of the public, […]
(pp99) Among the places in which preaching was regularly established were the villages of Landkey and Swymbridge. In these parishes, the presentation to which is vested in the Dean and Chapter of Exeter, the tithes had fallen into the hands of a lay impropriator, and “ duty ” of both churches was at that time […]
CORNISH WRESTLING RULES. Will Govern Between Rowett and Hali Adali, the Turk. For the benefit of those who are not posted on the rules governing the Cornish style of wrestling, the following is published. It is the standard governing wrestling matches in Cornwall, England, which has been approved and adopted by Cornish wrestlers in all […]
Catalogue Reference: WCA-DIA-RSA-001 Object Type: Silver trophy (wrestling prize), approximately 10 inches in height Date of Origin: c. 1900s–1910 Place of Origin: Jeppestown, Johannesburg, South African Republic / Transvaal Colony Place of Discovery: Gas Lane, Camborne, Cornwall, England Date of Discovery: 2010 (during road improvement works) Discoverer: Paul Richards, excavator operator Inscription: “Wrestling Cornish Style […]
Bob Fitzsimmons (1863–1917) — Helston, Cornwall Bob Fitzsimmons is not merely the most significant Westcountry boxer of the post-Pugilistica era; he is, by any reasonable measure, one of the most significant British boxers in the entire history of the sport. Robert James Fitzsimmons was born on 26 May 1863 at Helston, Cornwall, England, and was […]
FOR SELF-DEFENSE Wrestling Fits a Man to Take Care of Himself. THE CORNISH STYLE MIGHTY USEFUL IN A ROUGH-AND-TUMBLE FIGHT. Different Holds Secured on a Canvas Jacket—Formerly a Brutal Sport. Written for The Evening Star by Prof. Anthony Barker. One of the best ways for a man to fit himself for self-defense through physical culture […]
Mr. Quiller Couch, the well-known litterateur, attended a wrestling tournament in Cornwall, his native county, the other day, and distributed the prizes. He expressed gratification that the sport was not dead, and that there were still left wrestlers capable of teaching the art in a manner not unworthy of the county. Not many years ago […]
THE MYTH OF BRUTUS THE TROJAN. By the late R. N. Worth, F.G.S., etc. rutus, son of Sylvius, grandson of Æneas the Trojan, killed his father while hunting, was expelled from Italy, and settled in Greece. Here the scattered Trojans, to the number of seven thousand, besides women and children, placed themselves under his command, […]
WRESTLING THE DEVONSHIRE STYLE. Foremost among old English sports stood the art of wrestling, and there are few Devonshire lovers of wrestling who have not seen or heard the story of the prowess of Abraham Cann, their 12st. 7lb. Devonshire champion, who challenged the world to wrestle the Devonshire style for 100 sovereigns. Cann, who […]
Synopsis The story follows Daniel Sweetland, a high-spirited and controversial young man known for his poaching activities. His life becomes increasingly complicated due to his deep love for the moors and his conflicts with local authority, specifically his father, who serves as the head gamekeeper. Wrongful Accusation: Daniel is falsely accused of a serious crime: often […]
(Feature image: The Sporting Life, November 1901). This Japanese form of self-defence is, without doubt, far superior either to ancient or modern style of Devonshire or any other county form of wrestling, when matched side by side. The grips used are entirely different, and they are both effective and deadly in character. If the opponent […]
INTERESTING CONTEST. Ju-Jitsu v. Devonshire Wrestling at Crediton. This Japanese form of self-defence is, without doubt, far superior to either the ancient or modern style of Devonshire or any other county form of wrestling, when matched side by side. The grips used are entirely different, and they are both effective and deadly in character. An […]
Chapter XIII Wrestling Wrestling had become one of the least practised of our old English sports, till the recent revival of the art as a music-hall “turn” — a use for which it was particularly well adapted, inasmuch as a Wrestling Match never fails to hold the interest of the spectator from first to last […]
Baring-Gould, S. (1908). Devonshire characters and strange events. John Lane, The Bodley Head. DEVONSHIRE WRESTLERS. WRESTLING was the favourite sport in former days in Devonshire and Cornwall. Evelyn, in his Diary, speaks of Westcountrymen in London contesting against men of the North, and in all cases the former were the victors. And Ben Jonson, in […]
We have read of his Cornish father’s prowess in “the art of fisticuffery,” and might certainly have looked for a spirited account of the affair at Bodmin Bridge when the terror of all Plymouth and Devonport was vanquished, and another of the fracas at Menheniot Fair. But we should probably also have had an essay […]
BOXING AND WRESTLING. SPORTS CLUB FOR HONITON. A public meeting was held at the Dolphin Hotel, Honiton, in connexion with the formation of an Amateur Athletic Club. The Mayor (Alderman H Banfield) presided. It was suggested that the Club should be formed, and they thought best to start in a small way, and confine themselves […]
The Devonshire Wrestling Society archive has been assembled over more than twelve years of systematic research into the history of Westcountry martial arts. When this work began, the documentary record was sparse and dispersed: sources were few, descriptions were thin, and access required navigating institutional barriers that most researchers would not have the time or resources to overcome. The archive now comprises 421 records — 322 newspaper articles (1778–1947), 35 manuscripts, 11 posters, 48 books, one letters patent, two cemetery inscriptions, and two memorials — spanning approximately one thousand years of history across five defined periods and three core disciplines: wrestling, cudgelling, and pugilism.
The material has been drawn from archives, museums, and libraries at both local and national level, as well as from diaspora communities. Access varied considerably: some holdings were straightforwardly available through public or gated online repositories; others required direct institutional inquiry, formal licensing, or payment. Licence fees for individual items have, in some cases, reached several hundred pounds. Items acquired under licence are retained for private research purposes only and are not published. A small number of items from private collections likewise remain unpublished, pending permission. All records for which publication rights have been secured are made freely and openly available.
The cost of the archive — in time and in money — has been substantial. It is offered without charge because the traditions it documents belong to the communities that produced them, and because those who come after should not be required to repeat the effort already expended.
Every record in the archive was acquired through a consistent five-stage process:
Identification. Awareness of potential sources was established through systematic searches of public and private institutional indexes worldwide, and through direct correspondence with subject specialists already engaged with relevant holdings.
Access. Depending on the institution, access was obtained through online repositories, direct application, or formal licensing. Correspondence was initiated with several hundred institutions over the course of the project. Where institutions confirmed the absence of relevant holdings, this was recorded. Where access was granted, the means of access was documented.
Storage. All acquired material is held in a single centralised repository, ensuring that research access is permanent and that no duplication of acquisition effort is necessary.
Preparation. Every record has been transcribed to render it fully searchable and taggable. Images have been assigned metadata recording provenance, licensing terms, and resolution specifications for publication purposes.
Publication. The publicly available inventory represents all records for which the requisite permissions have been obtained.
In order to ensure consistency and intellectual coherence across the archive, all prospective additions are evaluated against the following criteria, which are applied collectively and in sequence. A record should satisfy the majority of these criteria before inclusion is considered.
Relevance. The record must have a demonstrable and direct connection to the Six Shires (Devon, Cornwall, Somerset, Dorset, Gloucestershire, and Wiltshire) as the location of practice, the origin of practitioners, or the primary institutional context. Records concerning Westcountry practitioners competing elsewhere (in London, the United States, or South Africa, for example) are eligible where the practitioner’s regional identity is explicitly identified in the source. Records documenting the export of Westcountry martial arts beyond Britain are admissible and desirable, consistent with existing holdings relating to California, Japan, New Zealand, and South Africa. The record must concern one or more of the three disciplines in scope: Westcountry wrestling (Devonshire or Cornish style), cudgelling or single-stick as practised in the region, or pugilism and boxing with a demonstrable Westcountry connection. Records documenting the co-occurrence of two or more disciplines are particularly valuable and should be prioritised.
Integrity. The source must be primary or a reliable early secondary record. For newspaper sources, this means a contemporaneous report; for books, a first or early edition, or a verified transcription thereof. Secondary scholarship is admissible where it contains primary-source quotations not otherwise independently accessible, provided these are clearly identified as such.
Balanced representation. The curatorial target is approximate parity — not of record count, which will inevitably reflect the uneven survival of evidence — but of intellectual representation across the three core disciplines. Where any discipline is underrepresented relative to this target, acquisitions in that discipline should be prioritised accordingly.
Material culture. Physical objects — trophies, belts, equipment, and architectural features — are admissible where they carry inscriptions or documentary provenance that independently attest to the practice of a discipline in the region.
Verifiability. The source must be identifiable with sufficient bibliographic precision to be cited in APA format and, where possible, to be independently verified by a reader consulting the original. Oral tradition, undocumented folklore, and secondary paraphrases without citation do not meet this standard. Where a source is available online, a direct URL must be provided.
